The Edge of Physics
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The Edge of Physics
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From Publishers Weekly
Despite 20th-century physics' revelations, from relativity and quantum mechanics to the physics of the atom's nucleus and the life cycles of stars, ninety-odd percent of the universe is a complete mystery, says a scientist quoted by Ananthaswamy, a consulting editor for New Scientist. Dark matter, dark energy, quantum gravity: these are the topics that keep physicists awake at night, requiring bigger, more massive, more extreme experiments to test theories and uncover clues. The author takes readers behind the scenes of these experiments in some of the most inhospitable places in the world, leading the tour with wit and an eye for compelling detail. First is a pilgrimage to Mount Wilson Observatory, where astronomers first measured the expansion of the universe. Next we go 2,341 feet underground in a defunct Minnesota iron mine to search for particles that could reveal dark matter. Sensitive telescopes embedded in the thick ice of Siberia's Lake Baikal and Antarctica search for neutrinos. These experiments and others are heroic in every sense, and Ananthaswamy captures their excitement—and the personalities of the scientists behind them—with enthusiasm and insight. Illus. (Mar.)
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Review
A lucid but not oversimplified popular account of 21st-century cosmology. In the late 20th century, work by Einstein and quantum physicists seemed on the verge of explaining everything when confusion descended. Astronomers discovered that galaxies were moving too fast. Their stars and dust produced far too little gravity to accomplish this, so most matter in the universe is not only "dark," but it can't be the particles, atoms and molecules familiar to us because even invisible normal matter is fairly easy to detect. No one knows the makeup of dark matter. If this weren't frustrating enough, in 1998 scientists discovered that the expansion of the universe was accelerating. This requires immense energy; in fact "dark energy" makes up nearly three-quarters of matter-energy in the universe. New Scientist consulting editor Ananthaswamy traveled the world interviewing theorists attempting to understand this avalanche of distressing new information; all yearn for more details about the largest objects in the universes-galaxies and galaxy clusters. Turning to efforts at gathering these details, the author describes dazzling high-tech telescopes now operating or under construction from Chile to Hawaii to outer space. Because theorists also need to know about the universe's smallest objects, ghostlike neutrinos and muons, Ananthaswamy devotes chapters to machines that produce them-the titanic new particle accelerator in Switzerland-or detect them from deep under Siberian lakes or Antarctic icecaps. A meticulous, accessible update of the latest ideas and instruments that contribute to the clarification of an increasingly puzzling universe. --(Agent: Peter Tallack/The Science Factory) (Kirkus Reviews )
A. Bhadra | 
15/03/2010
15/03/2010
The legendary advertisement that was supposed to have been placed in a London newspaper inspiring good read, which has a definite tendency to make you want to stand up and cheer. Luckily for me, this could be accomplished with the minimum of fuss from my favorite armchair.
April 15, 2010: Some reviewers have made a note of the fact that the book does not have any high-quality pictures. To access additional content, pictures, videos and other details can be found at the web site for this book, [..] plus the author's blog on his travels to remote parts of the planet. Check it out!
K. M. literary devotee (California) |
24/01/2010
24/01/2010
takes us first to Mount Wilson in California where "[t]he observatory [George] Hale built is called the birthplace of modern observational cosmology." Next, the author, journalist Anil Ananthaswamy, descends into the bowels of the Soudan Mine in Minnesota which now "hosts one of cosmology's most sensitive experiments: the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS)." Among the other sites he visits are the Siberian neutrino telescope at Lake Baikal, another neutrino array telescope at the South Pole, an antimatter balloon experiment in Antarctica, and the European CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Still another project isn't lashed to earth somewhere but has been sent out 900,000 miles into space. It's "the Planck satellite, the latest in a small but select group of pathbreaking space probes designed to map the cosmic microwave background." It was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in May, 2009. Of course, its scientists remain earthbound to monitor and analyze its anticipated wealth of relayed information.
Ananthaswamy skillfully integrates technical engineering details, clear background about the theories that might be verified and the human element. He interviews many of the people who brave often harsh, unforgiving climates and geography to build, operate, and interpret the minutely sensitive and calibrated instruments and their collected data.
In the epilogue Ananthaswamy journeys to Mount Saraswati in Tibet where the new Hanle Observatory is part of "an international collaboration called COSMOGRAIL (for COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses)." He notes there "I became aware of the deep silence enveloping me....It is abundantly clear, standing in Hanle, as it had been in places like the South Pole, Lake Baikal, Paranal, and the Karoo, that the natural calm of these places is what makes them ideal to cosmology. We need to protect them.... If we pollute them, we will destroy our best chance of deciphering our own beginnings, of understanding ourselves." Finding suitably remote, unspoiled locations on earth constantly becomes more difficult, but as THE EDGE OF PHYSICS so compellingly relates, we can still learn a great deal from telescopes and other instruments deployed here if we don't despoil the remaining wilds where they can be maximally effective.
This is a superb resource for anyone who eager learn about the current state of experimental physics, the technology required to carry out the research, the geography that best sustains various projects, the theories being tested, and the men and women who are on the front lines constantly evaluating, innovating, and stretching the boundaries of our knowledge about the cosmos.
James Pine (Berkeley, CA USA) | 
17/01/2010
17/01/2010
For years, physicists have been trying to unify the four (known) fundamental forces of nature: gravity, strong nuclear, weak nuclear and electromagnetic. In this book, the author attempts to tie together work being done in ten different locations across six continents, each of which may provide a piece to the puzzle. Dark matter/energy, the multiverse, string theory and other topics make an appearance; if your goal is to get a deep understanding of any of them, this is not the book for you. However, if the story behind the science, coupled with a history and sense of place plus a gentle introduction to physics involved is your goal, then this is the book you're looking for.
In each chapter, the author details:
- why a particular location was chosen e.g. very little radiation/cosmic rays reach the depth of the Soudan Mine.
- how the instruments at each location are constructed e.g. "drilling" holes at the South Pole with hot water
- what the instruments are doing e.g. detecting neutrinos coming from the center of our galaxy
- why the experiments are important e.g. trying to determine whether our universe is flat or has a negative/positive curvature
In addition, he provides a window into the extraordinary lives of the people building the instruments/running the experiments/analysing the results, people who have devoted years of their lives and/or endure extreme conditions in the pursuit of science. He also sprinkles a number of non-scientific stories and facts about the locations themselves (Lake Baikal has a surprise at the bottom of it courtesy of the Russo-Japanese War) into the mix.
While the chapters can feel a bit long winded and repetitive at times, the book as a whole provides an engaging, enlightening read, a great springboard, should you desire, from which to explore the science, the places and/or the history in more depth.
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